DSPy
The framework for programming—rather than prompting—language models.
The lottery ticket hypothesis revealed that extremely large neural networks contain small subnetworks—“winning tickets”—capable of matching the performance of the full network if properly initialized and trained.
This finding explains how massive AI models achieve high generalization despite contradicting the centuries-old bias-variance tradeoff principle predicting overfitting. The hypothesis led to a paradigm shift in AI, showing overparameterization increases the odds of finding effective solutions rather than merely memorizing data.